Class Essay-Type Questions and Responses Essays

Class Essay-Type Questions and Responses Essays Class Essay-Type Questions and Responses Essay Class Essay-Type Questions and Responses Essay Exposition Topic: Questions The story â€Å"Journey by Night† by Norah Burke, as proposed by the title, discusses the excursion of a young man called Sher Singh so as to spare his younger sibling. It shows the mental fortitude and assurance appeared by him disregarding the murkiness and obscure perils that may have existed in the woods. Sher Singh was a kid of almost twelve years old living in Laldwani town. He demonstrated huge mental fortitude without his dad to convey his more youthful sibling to the emergency clinic fifty miles from his town crossing thick timberland and two waterways. He was courageous in his fruitful endeavor to spare his brother’s life. Life offers numerous difficulties and it is just the bold ones who face those difficulties with extraordinary skill and fortitude and rise successful. Sher Singh was one of them who couldn't have cared less about his own torments, his sleepiness, his apprehensions and miseries and strolled with the heaviness of his sibling on his shoulders t o take him to the emergency clinic. He didn't squander even one moment to choose to take the excursion around evening time through the dull wilderness with two streams in the halfway out of which one was overflowed. Individually he crossed all the hindrances and headed towards his goal. He had no alternative however to continue endeavoring with the goal that his sibling might have the option to endure, and he settled on that amazing decision. He cared very much for his sibling. He didn't lose trust and continued pushing ahead. His character is a wellspring of motivation for some, who constrain themselves and experience the ill effects of shrouded fears and can't overcome it. He was focussed and committed which made him live and arrive at his goal, which can be trailed by anybody. Subsequently, toward the end when he is alluded to as â€Å"Sher Singh Bahadur†, a title gave to his dad, the perusers feel is as though not more gallant than his dad, since his father’s mental fortitude was every one of the a pi ece of his calling and enthusiasm however Sher Singh’s boldness was appeared to spare his brother’s life. The story â€Å"India’s Heroes† f

National Reconciliation Ordinance Free Essays

On October 05, 2007, General Pervez Musharaf declared the NRO to give a prompt help and pardoning to open office holders, who were charged in defilement cases somewhere in the range of 1986 and 1999 under Article 5(1)(2) of (PCO) Provisional Constitutional Order. One of the most combine explanation for NRO was to give a quick help to late PPP administrator Benazir Bhutto by giving insurance in all arguments enlisted against her by Nawaz government . The NRO additionally ensured our present President Mr. We will compose a custom exposition test on National Reconciliation Ordinance or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Asif Ali Zardari and Ms Bhutto against $60 million Swiss pay off and Geneva basic illegal tax avoidance cases. The case was pending in the Swiss court when General Musharaf proclaimed the NRO and the administration dropped all the cases in April, 2008. A responsibility court likewise cleared Mr. Asif Ali Zardari on March 05, 2008, of five defilement allegations and unlawful utilization of property under the NRO. The Supreme Court of Pakistan on December 16, 2009, announced the (NRO) National compromise mandate invalid and void and pronounced that all the cases which were dynamic at the hour of declaration of the NRO might be revived at where they were shut. A 17-individuals seat of the Apex court headed by the Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudry pronounced the NRO an instrument invalid and void since it damages the different established arrangements including Article 4, 8 , 25 , 62 (f) and others. The administration of Pakistan declared that the administration acknowledges and regards the decision of the Supreme Court. The President appreciates the assurance of Article 248 (2) of the constitution. The article 248 (2) expresses that â€Å"No criminal procedures proceeded against the President or a senator in any court during his term of office†. Step by step instructions to refer to National Reconciliation Ordinance, Essay models

Week 3 Chapter 7 QM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 3 Chapter 7 QM - Assignment Example These are individuals with whom organization communicates before forms occur are called providers. Then again, individuals who interact with the organization after the way toward assembling or rendering administrations are called clients. While, as per the contemporary perspective the two clients and providers are existed inside and outside the organization. In the absolute quality setting, clients play an essential and focal job as they characterize quality. In the all out quality setting clients are given top need as they are achievement determinant for organization. Dependable client (one who makes rehashed buys) guarantees the drawn out achievement of the organization; in this manner, its fulfillment is significant. Solid client is the person who is happy with the company’s contributions and continue making rehashed buys. Solid client must be accomplished by the organization when he/she is exceptionally fulfilled. Consumer loyalty assumes a key job in changing a client into a dependable client. This is on the grounds that once the client is exceptionally happy with what it is escaping the item or item is surpassing his desire at exactly that point he/she will make redundant buy. Something else, client will basically change to another item. Consumer loyalty can be guaranteed by carrying company’s representatives in close contact with clients so as to discover their issues and whines identified with items. All the while, organization ought to give controls in representatives with the goal that they could take activities to kill customer’s issues and make them fulfilled at long last. The association ought to distinguish requirements of its inward and outside clients completely. It should correspondence with them on the normal premise. Association ought to likewise investigate customer’s input so as to build up a client center structure. Associations ought to speak with their clients on persistent premise so as to think about the progressions

Theodore Roosevelt Conservative or Progressive - Literature Essay Samples

In the piece, Theodore Roosevelt:The Conservative as Progressive, Hofstadter portrays the complex man that is Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt was always about social reform, as he wanted a slight government regulation of the American economy because he believed that some of the monopolies that had been established at this time were a hindrance to society, while also corrupt through trusts. Although outwardly he was aggressive and a firm enforcer of Progressivism through his established laws and acts, inwardly he was a Conservative, and really just wanted things to remain the same. Roosevelt was highly against organized power,Hofstadter asserts that through Roosevelt’s regulation of the American economy, his antipathy towards organized power and the wealthy, and his relationship between the wealthy and the working classes as an arbiter, Roosevelt believes in Conservatism, yet his many actions of Progressivism dictate otherwise. Hofstadter in his article states that Theodore Roosevelt throughout his presidency and before was known to be a relatively aggressive person, as he always wanted to impose himself on others. This, Hofstadter relates largely to his approach on the regulation of the American economy. Theodore Roosevelt wanted there to be â€Å"some† government regulation of the American economy, but mostly for the reasons of weeding out the corruption in specific areas. As Hofstadter states,â€Å"Between 1904 and 1906 Bryan agitated for government ownership of railroads, and Roosevelt answered by supporting the Hepburn bill, which made possible the beginnings of railroad rate-control by the Interstate Commerce Commission† (289). Hofstadter shows how Roosevelt was against the mainly corrupt monopolistic companies with trusts, rather than the less corrupt companies with trusts. Roosevelt earned his nickname â€Å"trustbuster† through his acts and regulations of corrupt trusts in Amer ica, but Roosevelt also was not entirely against trusts, just the corruption within some. Hofstadter shows another large aspect of his regulation through Roosevelt’s subduing of Tammany Hall. â€Å"There he proved troublesome to the Platt machine; the bosses welcomed a chance to kick him upstairs, and a combination of friends and enemies gave him the vice-presidential place on the McKinley ticket in 1900† (279). As Roosevelt progressed through the ranks of politics on his way to his presidency, there was a period of time where he noticed the obvious corruption in the political machine known as Tammany Hall. Theodore Roosevelt became aware of the corrupt patronage and was able to suppress and control it, angering Platt and the other bosses. Using these prominent examples, Hofstadter is able to depict Roosevelt’s progressive style through his partial government regulation of the then corrupt American economy. Although Theodore Roosevelt acted as a strong Progressive, his inward beliefs, occasionally expressed, were largely Conservative. Roosevelt according of Hofstadter was really a Conservative at heart, despite his Progressive attitude. Hofstadter shows this through Roosevelt’s fear of the power of organized people and the extremely wealthy. Roosevelt felt intimidated by the masses of laborers as they posed a threat to Roosevelt and the stability of America. As Hofstadter says, â€Å"Any sign of organized power among the people frightened him; and for many years he showed toward the labor movement an attitude as bitter as that expressed in John Hay’s anonymously published novel, The Breadwinners† (270). Roosevelt did express his hatred of organized power, as not only did it scare him, but he was also against the radicalism of the people that formed these mobs (that is until he runs for president again later), because it seeks to change/modify the standings of societ y, especially relating to his disdain for strikes. As well as organized power, Hofstadter shows Roosevelt’s distaste and fear of the extremely wealthy, as their power in society threatened Roosevelt’s power as president and the influence they had on the American economy and society. Hofstadter shows Roosevelt’s distrust through his statement: â€Å"While bigness in business frightened the typical middle-class citizen for economic reasons, it frightened Roosevelt for political reasons. He was not a small entrepreneur, worrying about being squeezed out, nor an ordinary customer concerned about rising prices, but a big politician facing a strong rival in the business of achieving power†(291). Roosevelt disliked the exceptionally wealthy because their power, though different, clashed with each other in who would be the more powerful, and Roosevelt did not want these monopolistic giants to take control of America through material interest. This is why Roosevelt was all for â€Å"trust busting†. Roosevelt wanted to reduce the power of these monopolies, especially the corrupt ones, and his biggest example of that is his Northern Securities case. Hofstadter uses the Northern Securities case to exemplify Roosevelt’s distrust of monopolies, and through this case, Roosevelt and Bryan were able to reduce the power of the Northern Securities company through the Hepburn bill, taking out a major competitor for power in America. Roosevelt was able to not allow this massive company to change and monopolize America from the way Roosevelt was working on bettering. Hofstadter uses many examples in his article on Roosevelt to show how in many cases, he is in fact a Conservative, and that though a vast amount of his actions were Progressive, Roosevelt’s Conservative side shone through in multiple occasions. Theodore Roosevelt in Hofstadter’s article is portrayed as a middleman, an â€Å"impartial arbiter† between the wealthy and the poor. Roosevelt had his likes and dislikes of both sides, so he was commonly trusted to settle disputes between capital and labor, as he had no bias on either side. As Hofstadter puts it, â€Å"Because he feared the great corporations as well as organized workers and farmers, Roosevelt came to think of himself as representing a golden mean†(285). Roosevelt knew he represented the middle opinion, as he disliked strikes and organized power, yet he also disliked the arrogance and obstinance of the wealthy owners of the companies, so his place in the matter of resolving a strike, was right in the middle. When it came to organized strikes, Roosevelt, as best as he could, avoided letting them get out of hand, and was quick to step in and offer compromises for both the capital and laborer sides. This is particularly true in the issue of the Ant hracite Strike, in 1902. As Hofstadter explains, â€Å"His attitudes toward many public questions were actually identical with those of the shrewder capitalists. This was particularly true where labor was concerned, and it was illustrated by Roosevelt’s compromise of the formidable anthracite strike of 1902†(288). Hofstadter uses the Anthracite Strike as an example to show how Roosevelt acted as a true arbiter between both sides. Roosevelt’s Square Deal came as a result of the Anthracite Strike, and it enabled Roosevelt to become trusted and his actions understood as an arbiter. He wanted to protect both sides, rather than help one and not the other. His relationship with the wealthy was one of respect, but also fear, and his relationship with the laborers was fear (in groups) and an understanding of their position. This arbitration of issues was a great help to quench not only Conservative side of him in stemming large change, but also appealed to his thoughts of Progressivism, as it allowed him to make changes, not too big, that both capital and labor would agree to. Roosevelt enjoyed being a middleman, as it not only gave him the attention of many people, but it gave him the option to enforce his power as president. According to Hofstadter. â€Å"He stood above the contending classes, as an impartial arbiter devoted to the national good, and a custodian of the stern virtues without which the United States could not play its destined role of mastery in the world theatre†(285). Hofstadter helps prove that not only did Roosevelt enjoy the attention and being able to use his power, but that Roosevelt made compromises that could benefit everyone, it was for the â€Å"national good†. Theodore Roosevelt throughout his presidency was an arbiter to both sides of capital and labor, and helped to quell strikes and public revolts through his accepted compromises. Hofstadter throughout his writing on Theodore Roosevelt, explains using many different examples of how Roosevelt acted as a Progressive, while also harboring Conservatism, and expressing it on occasion. He does this by showing Roosevelt’s arbitration of both capital and labor, his hatred of organized power and the exceptionally wealthy, and his approach using â€Å"some† government regulation on the American economy. Hofstadter expounds these reasons using specific examples like Roosevelt’s subduing of Tammany Hall, his arbitration of the Anthracite Strike, leading to the Square Deal and more. Although he was mainly viewed as a Progressive, Roosevelt strove to bring back the old heroic virtues that embedded itself in the old American society, long before materialistic values. As Roosevelt states in his New Nationalism Speech, â€Å"We can admire the heroic valor, the sincerity, the self-devotion shown alike by the men who wore the blue and the men who wore the g ray; and our sadness that such men should have to fight one another is tempered by the glad knowledge that ever hereafter their descendants shall be fighting side by side, struggling in peace as well as in war for the uplift of their common country, all alike resolute to raise to the highest pitch of honor and usefulness the nation to which they all belong†(Roosevelt, New Nationalism Speech). Roosevelt wants for America to bring back these heroic, soldier esque values that used to be a part of the people of the United States. Roosevelt’s Conservative side was calling out to the people of the United States to forget the materialistic lifestyle, and live that of heroism, one of their elders. Also as Roosevelt says in his article of â€Å"True Americanism†, in the Forum Magazine, â€Å"The third sense in which the word â€Å"Americanism† may be employed is with reference to the Americanizing of the newcomers to our shores. We must Americanize them in every way, in speech, in political ideas and principles, and in their way of looking at the relations between Church and State†(Theodore Roosevelt, True Americanism). Theodore Roosevelt wants the people of the United States to welcome immigrants and to â€Å"Americanize† them through teaching them the core and long standing beliefs of American culture. Roosevelt through Conservatism wants to use the structural beliefs of American culture from years past, before America became the â€Å"corrupt† place it had become. Through these two documents, and many more, Theodore Roosevelt thoroughly expresses his Conservative beliefs, and shows how he is just as much Conservative as he is Progressive.

Cognitive Processing Therapy For Post Traumatic Stress...

Evidence-based practices have been gaining a lot importance recently and it was so interesting to search the online libraries to actually see how many exist. It was stimulating to go onto the National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices websites and be in awe of abundance of programs. There were programs for almost every type of social work practice. While looking through the different databases in regards to evidence-based practice (EBP), one in particular really caught my attention. The particular EBP that will be discussed is known as Cognitive Processing Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). I chose this specific one because I have a great interest in therapies with those suffering from PTSD. As stated by the name of this particular EBP, the focus is on cognition in those with PTSD. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is a form of the well-known cognitive behavioral therapy. For this particular therapy, the clients taking part are older adolescents and a dults (18-55+) who have a PTSD diagnosis (SAMHSA, 2014). The preliminary focus on CPT is to look at the distorted thoughts about the trauma experienced by the client. Beliefs such as self-blame and denial are initial conative focus, then therapy moves on to looking at the clients how the clients think themselves, others, and the world (Resick, Nishith, Weaver, Astin, Feuer, 2002). Clients who are undergoing this therapy use of worksheets and what is known as â€Å"Socratic questioning† (Resick,Show MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course itRead MoreThe Long Term Effectiveness Of Prolonged Exposure Therapy1017 Words   |  5 Pages2013; Ullman Peter-Hagene, 2014). This research proposal intends to explore the long term effectiveness of Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE) at reducing distress and trauma explicitly for adult victims of sexual assault and rape. Prolonged exposure (PE) is a specific exposure therapy program that derives from Emotional Processing Theory (EPT). The idea of emotional processing is to interpret realistic information and accommodate that information into a fear structure which in turn diminishes the fearRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesDakota The mind is a very interesting and special aspect of life. A person’s mind is the part of them that enables concentrated thought processes, feelings of emotion, and allows you to perceive the world in many ways. A person’s mind is always processing and receiving information of environmental stimuli, to determine what is happening around them. This is whether you are consciously trying to accomplish a task, un-consciously sleeping, or even if you’re thinking about memories you once had. YourRead MoreA Critical Reflection on Information Processing Theories of Trauma Response1613 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Cognitive theories that focus on information processing have been the most influential theories of trauma in terms of generating testable hypotheses and directing current treatments (Salmon Bryant, 2002). For this reason, we will attempt to critically evaluate this area of trauma theory with reference to other popular theories, the research evidence, clinical practice and developmental factors. Information Processing Theories of Trauma Response Information-processing models relatingRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )906 Words   |  4 Pages POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER Post-traumatic stress disorder, also known as PTSD, is a complicated disorder that begins after a traumatic event ((APA), May 18, 2013). Throughout history, PTSD was also known as railway spine, shell shock, traumatic (war) neurosis, concentration-camp syndrome, and rape-trauma syndrome. This disorder always happens after a personal tragic event. Such events include a natural disaster, murder, war, rape, and vehicular accidents, just to name a few. The importantRead MoreEssay On Ptsd1358 Words   |  6 PagesFor this assignment, I have chosen to create a mock session for a person who is expressing symptoms of PTSD. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) is a mental health problem which some develop after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying incident. Flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event are just a few of the symptoms occurring in those suffering from PTSD. These symptoms go a way for most individuals;Read MoreEssay on Women Dealing with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder638 Words   |  3 PagesThis article is based on a study comparing the ethnic differences in Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among the women’s population of non-Hispanic Whites, African American, and Hispanic. The population of Hispanics and African American female’s veterans, in terms of gender, experience a higher symptom of PTSD than male veterans. The study is aimed at providing analysis demographic characteristics, diagnostic validity, and the normative sampling, among the three ethnic populations of women whoRead MoreThe Factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesFactors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stress disorder occurs after a person is exposed to a terrifying ordeal which causes either grave physical or psychological harm where harm was threatened. It can become an extremely debilitating disorder to the persons life. The person can have problems interacting in social and family life, occupational instability and the breakdown of marriages can occur. The disorder is triggered after traumatic events suchRead MoreTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: an Effective Treatment Modality for Children and Adolescents Who Have Experienced Traumatic Incidents1687 Words   |  7 PagesTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Effective treatment modality for children and Adolescents who have experienced traumatic incidents * What is TF-CBT and What is it Best Suited for: Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) was developed by psychologists J.A. Cohen and, Mannarino, Knudset and Sharon. TF-CBT has been developed for those who have experienced psychological trauma, often on a great scale of magnitude. It is important to define trauma; â€Å"There areRead MorePtsd : Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1462 Words   |  6 PagesPTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder or serious condition that can develop after a victim who has witnessed or experienced a traumatic event.(American Psychiatric Association, 2013) When PTSD was identified as an mental health condition by the psychologist? The term PTSD first appeared in the 1980s, but the concept of this disorder can be traced back to 1952 when the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM was published. The stress reaction

Ethical Issues Of Multinational Corporations Essay

ETHICAL ISSUES IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS Introduction A multinational is defined as an enterprise operating in several countries but managed from its home country. Ethics as a philosophy is defined as the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. Ethical issues arise when one is unsure of what is the right course of action to be taken at a single time. This problem becomes exponentially complex when applied to a multinational organization. Globalisation has enabled many companies to venture abroad in an attempt to grow their market presence while also boosting profitability, acquire cheaper raw materials, and gain access to low cost of labor. Generally, any company or group that derives a quarter of its revenue from operations outside of its home country is considered a multinational corporation. There are four categories of multinational corporations: a multinational, decentralized corporation with strong home country presence a global, centralized corporation that acquires cost advantage through centralized production wherever cheaper resources are available an international company that builds on the parent corporation s technology or RD a transnational enterprise that combines the previous three approaches. Multinational corporations operate across many countries, and each country has its own laws and cultures and also diverse ethical practices and social norms. Some of the most notable multinationals include Apple Barclays IBMShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Faced By Multinational Corporations ( Mncs )767 Words   |  4 PagesWhat specific legal and/or ethical issues does an organization encounter in doing business in third-world or developing countries? Please identify one specific legal and/or ethical issue and discuss that matter. Once a firm expands abroad, moral transparency becomes foggy. The setting for persons shared attitudes without universal laws and legal practices which describe standards of conduct moral certainty is obscured. Organizations must make a clear statement of what is legally and ethicallyRead MoreThe General Impact of Management in International Business1075 Words   |  5 Pagesis the general impact of management in the international business? In this essay this question will be clearly answered by deep details, concerning the important issues meet generally the managers in business international, such as: Conflict of culture, ethical issues, and fair trade issues. And the advent of the Multinational Corporation will be largely explained. Finally, as example, the difference between the managerial styles of USA and Japan will be considered and the managerial styles of ChinaRead MoreEssay on Business Ethics1066 Words   |  5 Pagesits inferring characteristics provide a complex issue in the operation of national and multinational corporations. Because ethical decision making is often not as profitable as choices that do not embrace ethical elements, the perspective has emerged that the nature of an effective business mindset inherently brings about unethical behavior. In order to consider this statement and its implications, it is necessary to recognize the ethical decision-making processes of a number of companiesRead MoreLiving Up to Ethical and Social Responsibilities: The Case of Occidental Petroleum Corporation1394 Words   |  6 PagesLiving Up to Ethical and Social Responsibilities: The Case of Occidental Petroleum Corporation Introduction The recent assassination of a U.S. ambassador in Libya and the rampant anti-American sentiments being expressed in other parts of the world is proof positive that many American-based multinational are faced with a hostile operating environment that demands informed and timely responses. Likewise, many multinational corporations are subscribing to calls for giving back to the communityRead MoreBenefits Of Moving Production Overseas1507 Words   |  7 Pagesproduction overseas may seem obvious, multinational companies can capitalize on the competitive advantage these countries offer in the form of inexpensive labor. However, this cost reduction can come at a high cost as different cultures may not place a high value on the safety and wellbeing of their employees as companies due in developed countries, such as the United States. Responsibility of Supply Chain It is imperative for today’s multi-national corporations to not only monitor supply channelsRead MoreWith The Rise Of Globalization And The Complex Dynamics1624 Words   |  7 PagesWith the rise of globalization and the complex dynamics of the global business environments, organizations are tackling and forced to deal with large ethical issues on a daily basis. The ramifications for an organization that does not handle an ethical scenario efficiently and effectively could put the entire company and organization at dire risk. Organizations put their company brand and identity on the line with their everyday decisions and how they choose to operate themselves and their businessRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific research topic of the perceived institutional ethical behavior of US-based multinational corporations and its relationship with organizational longevity. Following the five peer-reviewed qualitative research articles. APA Annotation Aleksic, A. (2013). How Organizations Achieve Longevity: The Role of Change Management in Building Their Sustainability. International journal of the academy of Organizational behavior management. Issue 4 (January-March 2013) (65 - 78). The primary purpose ofRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Business Management Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesof the broadening of globalization more people have become captivated in international business and trade. Multinational corporations Production of services and goods is organized by a Multinational Corporation. Another name multinational corporation can be referred to as International Corporation. How has Globalization impacted Multinational Corporations(MNC)? Multinational Corporations is expanding their businesses in many ways. According to the website www.grin.com/documents â€Å"Globalization hasRead MoreThe Law For Global Business1014 Words   |  5 PagesEthic Issue Paper MBA511 Law for Global Business Instructor: Robert Richards Student: Yan Gao November 10 , 2014 â€Æ' I. Question: Do multi-national corporations (MNE s) have a social and ethical responsibility beyond the legal requirements of trying to maximize stockholder value (making profits), adhering to contracts, and obeying the laws of the different countries where they operate? The rapid development of economy promotes the development of multinational companies, which have becomeRead MoreThe Multinational Company : Multinational Corporation864 Words   |  4 Pages*The multinational corporation Multinational Corporation can be defined as a corporation that has its facilities and other assets in at least one country other than its home country. Such companies have offices and or factories in different countries and usually have a centralized head office where they co-ordinate global management. It can also be defined as a multinational corporation which is usually a large corporation which produces or sells goods or services in various countries.

A Cry in the Night Essay Example For Students

A Cry in the Night Essay Setting:The story starts in New York City, most likely present day. Then as the storygoes on it moves to minnesota out to Erichs farm. It is winter in Minnesota and verycold. Characters: Jenny is the main character of the story. She is a divorced mother of two. She isyoung and pretty. She works at an art museum in New York City to support herself andher two little girls. She is kind and sweet and has a brilliant sense of humor. Erich is an artist. Hes mysterious and curious. His actions speak louder thenmost words because he tends to be quiet during the story. On the outside he seems likethe most perfect man. The type that every woman hopes of meeting and falling in lovewith. But on the inside he holds dark secrets of his past and a twisted, hateful mind. Kevin is Jennys ex-husband. Hes a struggling actor with a great sense of humor. He tends to be a little selfish, but always tries to put everything on the good side of thehill. He cares about Jenny and his children even if it seems like he doesnt. Clyde is the old man who works on Erichs farm. He basically runs the place andhad been around ever since Erich was in diapers. He worked with Erichs father to makehis farm the most respected and well known in the county. Rooney is Clydes wife. She used to be great friends with Erichs mother. Sheturns to Jen to give her a friend and some confidence. Everyone around the farm thinksthat Rooney is crazy and doesnt know what she is doing. Shes smart and a good cook,and loves to help. Mark is Erichs best friend from childhood. He is a doctor and helps out Erichwhenver needed. When Erich starts to get weird, Jen turns to Mark for help andfriendship. Mark is a helpful man who cares deeply for others. In the story it seems likehes falling for Jen. Tina and Beth are Jens little girls. They are both young and influential. Summary:She had been struggling ever since her and Kevin had broken up, Jen thought toherself one night as she was rushing out of work to go pick up Tina and Beth. Life hadjust gotten out of hand for her after the divorce. Money seemed like it was everything. But she was still happy. She knew shed pick up her children go home and make themdinner and feel all cozy in their little apartment. That was what she was really lookingforward to for the night. Jen knew that the next day would be very big and important. All her boss told herwas that a special unknown, yet very talented, artist would be coming to the gallery andthat she would be the one to introduce him and his work the the art sellers and buyers. What Jen did not know, was that this man was named Erich Kruegar, and was soon to beher future husband. Walking into work the next morning was nerve wracking to her. Not onlybecause she was meeting this infamous artist, but also because she had to worry aboutthe childrens new day care center. Worrying wasnt an abnormal thing in her schedulethough, she always had something on her mind other then herself. She knew Kevinwould be showing up that night because it was pay day. He always showed up on payday. Hed say to her something along the lines of, But Jen, Im a struggling actor? Youdont want me to starve do you? I promise Ill pay you back Jen, I swear! Hed never payher back she thought to herself as she walked into the gallery. Mr. H artely, the owner ofthe gallery, rushed Jen through the door and gave her some paperwork. Erich would bethere soon he had told her. He also made clear to her his plans with Erich and where hewould be and at what times. It was her job to arrange the artwork to a precise order thatwas given to them by Erich. Jen stared in awe at Erichs work. Hes great she thought toherself as Mr. Hartely walked out the door. Day dreaming about the man on the front ofthe pamphlet she found herself thinking of what type of life this handsome man led, if hewas married. All of a sudden, she felt something behind her. She had bumped into ErichKruegar. He must have let himself in without Jen hearing him. He was early she thought. Staring caught herself staring at him, he is gorgeous she thought to herself with a smile. Making polite conversation they hit it off. Erich was considerate, intelligent, and cleancut. Erich had insisted on taking her out for lunch. Knowing this will completely throwher bosses sche dule haywire, she hesitantly agreed. They immediately hit it off. She feltlike he really cared as he stared at her every movement. After lunch they bought coffeeand walked back to the gallery. Meeting her boss at the door she knew she was in for it. Erich quickly introduced himself and took full credit for them being late. Mr. Hartelynodded and opened the door to the gallery. The customers would be there soon and thenthe gallery would be full, loud, and full of life. After the showing of the artwork, Erichinsisted on walking Jen to the day care to pick up her children then to take them out forsupper. Him being very financially secure, took it upon himself to invite Jen everywhere. Jen felt uncomfortable at first about all the money he had been spending on her. Butwhen he insisted that he didnt mind and that it was all his pleasure to do so. She gave in. After about a month Erich brought up and important issue, marriage. The thoughtof such commitment scared Jen to death. Thinking abo ut what had happened to her lastmarriage she was very hesitant upon answering. But after thinking it through she figuredit would be the best thing to do. It would take her children out of this environment and itwould make her happy. Because Erich made her happy. Kevin had shown up one night when Erich was over visiting Jen and the kids. Erich stood amazed as Jen handed Kevin over some money. While Kevin was there Jenhad explained to him what was going on between her and Erich. Kevin didnt think itwas such a hot idea, but he took it as a sign of her moving on and he knew there wasnothing he could do about it, so he left.Erich was enraged that Jen gave Kevin moneyfor no reason, even when Kevin didnt pay any type of child support or anything. Butthen he thought, well soon we will be gone and I will take her away from all of this, andthat is what he did. A Day in the Woods - Turkey Hunting EssayShe then knew that the only thing she could do was find that cabin out in thewoods. She set out, day after day, not knowing where and when she would find it, andthen one day, she stumbled upon it. She broke into the cabin by breaking a window andunlocking the door. Upon entering she felt this cold chill go right through her. Shelooked around, amazed. Art work lined the walls. But it wasnt Erichs artwork. It wasnot his scribbled signature. It was one of a woman named Caroline Bonardi. Lookingaround Jen stood in a maze of art supplies. She just couldnt understand. What did Erichdo with all the time he spend here, if all he did was copy over the signature of his mother. So she looked around. She found a closet, or what appeared to be a closet. She openedto the door and to her horror, on an easel, was a picture of her, her 2 children, dead. Itwas a brutal picture. She was scared, this was Erichs work. Taking the painting underher arm, she ran. A s soon as she got back to the house, she called for Mark. Mark arrived at thehouse no more then 10 minutes later. In horror she showed the picture to Mark. All of asudden there was a knocking at the door. Who could that be? They quickly shoved thepainting into the closet, and opened the door. There stood the sheriff. He looked at Jenand said, We need to speak with Erich, where is he? Jen told him that he had gone alittle vacation with the children and should be back soon. The sheriff nodded and thensaid to her, Your husband is a fraud, those were his mothers paintings, not his, and thenhe left. Jen couldnt take it anymore she turned to Mark, and started to sob. It was Erichs 35th birthday on that next day. It was nearly 20 years ago thatCaroline had died. Sad enough that she had died on his birthday. It tore him up. Then ithit her, she realized what she had to do in order to get Erich to come back. Ever sinceErich was a little boy he had never left the farm on his birthday. Jen had alwaysresembled Caroline. That is why Erich had picked her. It had taken her this long torealize this. She knew what she had to do. In order to get her children back and to helpErich, she had to pretend to be Caroline. There was a picture of Caroline that Erich had treasured. Jen found some clothesthat were basically identical to those Caroline was wearing in the picture, she put themon, and went outside to sit in Carolines chair. Mark was sitting inside waiting. Then allof a sudden came Erich running, he was dressed just the same as Jen, just like Carolinewas in the picture. He had a gun. Mark had called the sheriff to come down. Mark ranoutside in fear that Erich would shoot at Jen. Jen was just as scared and then, BOOM. Erich was dead. Jen had began to cry. Mark had put his arms around Jen and hugged her. Everyone had come running. The sheriff arrived. Erichs body was taken away. Butwhere were her children. Erich had whispered that he had been staying 6 hours north ofthere and that the children were alone. But now Erich was gone, and they didnt evenknow where to start. Jen was going crazy. Her little babies were alone, in the cold. Theywould freeze to death. Mark recalled a house that Erich had owned, it was the first placethey checked. He was right. And then it seemed to come to an end. Jen couldnt go back to New York, shehad no life there, and yet, she had no life in Erichs house either. Mark had told her thathe had a little house on a lake that he rented out. Jen took it. There she lived and raisedher children. Traumatized for life she would stay, but she at least knew that all hertroubles were over, and shed always have a friend when she needed one, and that wasMark. Conclusion: This book was really good. A page turner at any rate. I loved it. It was full ofsuspense and mystery. I kept asking myself, Whats going to happen next? I just couldnot put it down. The book told a good story though. It taught about lies, deceit, cheating. Thats life, right? It seemed like the story was real. As much as we all know it was not. Itcould have been. And it could have happened to anyone.

Wills world Essay Example For Students

Wills world Essay It is rare these days to read a scholarly book that is as beautifully written as Peter Thomsons Shakespeares Professional Career. To enter the overtrodden ground of Shakespearean biography and politics can be a daunting prospect for reader and writer alike, but Thomson, with his lively pen and sharp, witty mind, makes it easy and pleasant to go over what we think we already know and, with deceptive ease, offers new and interesting insights from his unusual perspective. This is not, in fact, a biography of Shakespeare but an account of the professional world he inhabited, and the book offers a number of plausible speculations about what might well have been the case in that much-explored terrain. Shakespeare himself manages to remain a somewhat shadowy presence in this book, with center stage reserved for the conditions which determined and dominated the career of people tied to the theatre by choice or by circumstance. Thomson discusses the surrounding, dependent activities which allowed the theatre to develop and exist: prostitution, acting, catering, transportation, bull- and bear-baiting, hostelry, building and architectureare all seen with a fine synoptic eye, and related to the study with a strong sense of their economic and political interconnectedness. Thus Thomson offers a sweeping but delightfully detailed view of the rushing excitement of the often seedy, but never dull, world of the Elizabethan and Jacobean theatre. We will write a custom essay on Wills world specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Shakespeare functions here as a point of referenceas a prime example, rather than as a model. Thomson allows himself to suggest the nature of Shakespeares greatness though he does not call it that and the nature of Shakespeares contribution to the drama. He writes: By the time Shakespeare left the theatre, the national drama had assimilated a method of recording human behavior that gave due recognition to its complexity. Shakespeare was both the major inspirer of this shift, and its supreme exemplar. Shakespeare, he goes on, empowered his actors as no European playwright had done before him. He invented character by building on role. Thomson has chapters on patronage, on publishing conditions and the likely and known fates of the play texts, on censorship, and on the often wicked rivalry of the playhouses. He writes about the audiences and their history, of the ways in which audiences were perceived and occasionally feared by the authorities, and what was done to oversee and control them. The skills and conditions of work for actors are treated in fascinating detail. There are references to the chief actors of the time and also to the lesser, those who acted because it was an available job. Thomson salubriously reminds us that bricklayer Jonson was emerging as a substantial playwrightplays were basic commodities, more easily replaced than players. The business of art has always been the chief force behind its production and success or failure. In the chapters on the all-important subject of patronage, Thomson takes full account of the relation of the court to the theatre and notes the ways in which the court appropriated the language and forms of theatrical performance for its political purposes. At Elizabeths court, he notes, the actors were dependent on their sovereign for their very ability to survive. As later events were to show, the burgeoning animosity to the theatre in increasingly powerful social factions meant that Elizabeths interest in plays and the ceremony of courtly performances was a primary factor in keeping the playhouses open and the actors employed. A less satisfying experience is the reading of James C. Humess Citizen Shakespeare. The author, we are several times told, was a speechwriter to three presidents a fact that wiser writers have concealed. The book gives its author away constantly by its frequent paralleling of the lives of Shakespeare and Churchill. Like Shakespeare, Churchill lacked a university degree, and like Shakespeare, Churchill wrote for profit. Shakespeare and Churchill, Humes confidently tells us, were both conservative in ideals, but romantics in imagination. .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 , .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .postImageUrl , .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 , .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317:hover , .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317:visited , .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317:active { border:0!important; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317:active , .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317 .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude63c9eb1d0eccc8085597426f735317:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PLASTIC SURGERY IN THE WORLD EssayThere is nothing consequential about Shakespeare that is new here. Humess hagiography is, however, knowledgeable in a conservative fashion, and its author unselfconsciously uses passages from the plays to demonstrate Shakespeares thinking on a variety of subjects. But his narrative, larded as it is with references to television situation comedy, Hollywood, contemporary culture, bad novels, etc., tends to become irritating. Finally, the author displays a remarkable confidence in his judgments about the world of Shakespeare and his own. Of Merchant, for example, he states, The only praiseworthy character is Portia. Or, on Hamlet: The poetry in Hamlet is unequalled. That is itno argument, no discussion and no contemplation of the meaning of the statement itself. Shakespeare is Humess mentor. Shakespeare is always right.

Films with the Typical Hitchcock Style essays

Films with the Typical Hitchcock Style essays Over the course of the semester, we have seen thirteen different films by director Alfred Hitchcock. In viewing these films, we have analyzed and interpreted virtually every aspect of them to understand what Hitchcock is trying to do and say. In doing so, we have been able to establish certain patterns in Hitchcock's work. These patterns are the building block of film analysis. We first look for patterns in individual movies to draw conclusions about that movie, and then we look for patterns over the course of a director's career to draw conclusions about that director. The purpose of this paper will be to identify the components of the typical Hitchcock movie based on the patterns we have identified throughout this semester. A good place to start is with the kinds of stories that Hitchcock tells. Without a story, there is no movie, and the typical Hitchcock film would have a very outlandish and exotic storyline. In Hitchcock's movies, all of a sudden relatively normal people find themselves involved with murder, assassination attempts, and espionage. In The Lady Vanishes, Iris, who is in search of Miss Froy, gets tangled up in a plot to smuggle international spy secrets back to England. In Shadow of a Doubt, little Charlie has to come to terms with the fact that her favorite Uncle is a murderer. In The Man Who Knew Too Much, Ben and Jo get mixed up in an assassination plot. Finally, in The Birds, the town of Bodega Bay has to cope with unprovoked attacks by the local birds. These are just four but there is nary a film we have watched that does not involve out of the ordinary events. Hitchcock uses these storylines to relay a number of themes to his audience. Over his career Hitchcock has explored many different themes through his work, but I would like to take a look a just two of the themes that we might well find in the typical Hitchcock film. The first theme that we would likely see is that "shit happens" for no reason wha...

Twelve O'Clock High a Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Twelve O'Clock High a Position Paper - Essay Example Therefore, everyone is viewed as a potential leader and in trained as such. Even those who are in a leadership position currently will not always be in that position, so individuals must be able to move between the two roles quite readily. Also, once a leader begins to lose his edge and his results begin to suffer, he will be replaced. This is because since there are lives at stake, a leader cannot afford to lose the confidence of his soldiers. There is no time for loyalty towards a formerly good leader because people will die if a leader loses his effectiveness. The Army should keep the status quo in its quest to find good leadership because there is the potential for everyone to be a good leader at some point and also leaders who are not getting the desired results should not be permitted to lead in the long term. The first thing that a leader in the Army must remember is to Be. This means that this individual must hold the qualities that are becoming of a true leader. Leaders should be people who are honest, competent, and inspiring, as â€Å"Army leadership begins with what the leader must Be, the values and attributes that shape a leaders character† (Cavanagh et al, 2004, P. 9). This is because a true leader is someone who people wish to follow. If the leader does not have the values and attributes that other would wish to follow, then the leader will not be very successful. This can be applied to civilian life as well. If a manager at a store does not appear to be a very good leader, the staff will lose respect for this person and, therefore, will not follow him or her. This will cause the store as a whole to under-perform, which will negatively affect the store’s bottom line. The leader in every situation must truly â€Å"Be† a leader who people want to follow and wh o people believe in. If he or she is not, then the organization as a whole will not succeed. An example of this can be found in the film and

Presentation on Genocide In Congo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Presentation on Genocide In Congo - Essay Example But they had a hidden agenda of tapping the natural resources and using the strategic positions. The Observer on June 15, 2003, quoted a former student of Bukavu university, named Feli: â€Å"Women, children, everyone we could get our hands on, we killed them all,† leaving â€Å"not even babies† (www.observer.guardian.co.uk). â€Å"In Central Africa three countries viz. Burundi (1993-96), Rwanda (1994) and Zaire (1996) have been overtaken by catastrophes in 3 years.† (Newbury, 1998). Western Media gave wide coverage to the catastrophe, but none, including the UNO, took any cognizance of the real issues. This propaganda was used to shield Multinational Corporations, and the West in general, who had a vested interest of exploiting the natural resources, especially Coltan and Niobium used for the production of cell phones and other high tech electronic equipment. The role of propaganda is evident in the statement: â€Å"The tragedy of the Congo conflict has been instituted by multinational business corporations, their proxy armies and supra-governmental bodies that support them.†

Impact of the French and Indian War Essay Example for Free

Impact of the French and Indian War Essay The Native tribes are one of those directly affected by the French and Indian War. Many native populations suffered a great loss when the French power in North America was eliminated. The French proved to be a strong ally of these native tribes and were essential in countering the continued British expansion. The elimination of the French power resulted to the dispossession of many native tribes, forcing them to move out of their lands. When the Spanish-controlled Florida was taken-over by the British, native tribes who did not want to involve themselves with the British, migrated westward. This has resulted to heated confrontations between several tribes who were already established in the area (Ohio History Central, 2005). The British exploited the boundaries between opposing tribes, making the natives fight among themselves. The French and Indian war also affected the American colonists. As Britain continued to expand their control over the colonies of other European powers, they continued to resettle many of its people throughout their North American provinces. As Britain continued to focus on its war for territory, it began neglecting its duties for its people and its colonies. The French and Indian war resulted to the doubling of Britain’s national debt, and with the shortage of funding; the government imposed new taxes on their colonies. This resulted to stiff resistance, and strained relationship between Britain and its colonies. Troops were called in to the colonies in order to make sure the taxes are paid accordingly (Ohio History Central, 2005). This greatly inconvenienced the colonies, until it finally came down to the American Revolutionary War. Reference: Ohio History Central. (2005). French and Indian War. Retrieved July 27, 2009, from http://www. ohiohistorycentral. org/entry. php? rec=498

The Metaphorical Lesbian in Chopin’s The Awakening Essay -- Chopin Awa

The Metaphorical Lesbian in Chopin’s The Awakening In â€Å"The Metaphorical Lesbian: Edna Pontellier in The Awakening† Elizabeth LeBlanc asserts that the character Edna Pontellier is an example of what Bonnie Zimmerman calls the â€Å"metaphorical lesbian.† It’s important to distinguish between Zimmerman’s concept of the â€Å"metaphorical lesbian† and lesbianism. The â€Å"metaphorical lesbian† does not have to act on lesbian feelings or even become conscious of herself as a lesbian. Instead, the â€Å"metaphorical lesbian† creates a space for woman-identified relationships and experiences in a heterosexually hegemonic environment. In LeBlanc’s words, â€Å"I am suggesting†¦that the presence of lesbian motifs and manifestations in the text offers a little-explored position from which to examine the strategies and tactics by which Edna attempts to establish a subjective identity.† (237) LeBlanc’s support for this analysis comes from a variety of sources including Adrienne Rich’s article â€Å"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Experience, Teresa de Lauretis’s, Monique Wittig’s and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s wor...

Change Management in Nursing Essay

Leadership is defined as influencing people to achieve a purpose or set of goals, but differentiating it from management causes confusion in many instances (Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004; Senior and Fleming, 2006; Robbins, Judge and Sanghi, 2009). Leaders can be managers but not all managers can be effective leaders, making leadership an important aspect of effective management (Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004). Several attempts have been made over the years to explain the characteristics of an effective leader. Trait, behavioural/style, situational-contingency and transformational theories are some of the theories that have been proposed to explain these characteristics (Yoder-Wise, 2003; Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004; Senior and Fleming, 2006). Goleman (2000) also used competencies of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and social skills) to explain these characteristics. Nevertheless, none of these theories seem to adequately explain the characteristics that make an individual an effective leader. Yoder-Wise (2003) recognises followership as attitudes exhibited by individuals that the leader comes into contact with and explains that followers collaborate and act with the leader. Mahoney (2001) states that all nurses must acquire leadership skills since nursing leadership ranges from the staff nurse caring for a patient to a nurse in charge of a hospital. Nurses in clinical leadership positions collaborate with other leaders in the healthcare system to promote positive change (Touati et al., 2006). However, Antrobus and Kitson (1999) criticise nursing leadership for its lack of external focus (socio-political impact on health policies). They recommend that, in addition to the knowledge on issues related to nursing practice, potential leaders of nursing should familiarise themselves with social and health policies, management and research. Sutherland and Dodd (2008) identify that a lot of changes are occurring within the healthcare system, driving the need for leadership development. As a clinical leader in the making, a sound understanding of strategies for change management would prepare me as an effective leader. This is a reflective essay on how I set up a personal development plan to gain much insight on strategies for change management. The reflection is guided by Gibbs’s reflective cycle (1988 cited by Jasper, 2003). Although Cotton (2001) sees reflective practice in nursing as a problem, Durgahee (1996) identifies that nurses are able to perfect their actions when they examine their experiences through reflection and, consequently, become conscious of how different elements of care inform total professional nursing practice. The essay begins with a brief introduction of my background, and a description of issues that led me to focus on change management strategies in my personal development plan. It, then, follows with a reflection on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that I have and how these would influence my career in the future. The plan is presented, beginning with my learning objective and actions that I hope to take to meet my learning objective. The literature is then reviewed, followed by an appraisal of my organisation and how I plan to implement change. The last section describes my progress. Professional Background I graduated with a BSc. Nursing degree from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Ghana in 2008. I practised at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), also in Ghana, as a general nurse for one year before enrolling at the University of Nottingham for MSc. Advanced Nursing. My responsibilities, as stated by the Ghana Health Service (2005), are to: Assess care needs of patients, develop and implement plans of nursing care accordingly Formulate, initiate and revise patient care as condition warrants Participate in ward rounds Allocate tasks based on skill of staff Supervise staff and students in the ward Evaluate nursing care and ensure continuity of care In the third year of my undergraduate course, I was one of three students selected for a twelve-week exchange programme in the United States of America. The goal was for us to experience healthcare system and nursing practice in the USA and effect positive changes in nursing and healthcare at KATH. Generally, students who participate in such programs develop themselves, learn differences between cultures, and are able to compare healthcare systems and nursing in the respective countries (Scholes and Moore, 2000; Button, Green, Tengnah et al, 2005). Judging from the exposure I had in the USA, I felt I could make a major impact on my colleagues upon my return. Exchange students, whether short-term (1 – 4 weeks) or long-term (more than 4 weeks), expect to have a positive influence upon their return to their home countries (Button et al, 2005; Carty et al, 2002). I developed myself, to an extent, as a result of participating in the exchange programme. This was confirmed by some of my colleagues. I, also, learnt some of the similarities and differences in culture, nursing practice and healthcare between the USA and Ghana. Notwithstanding, the overall purpose of having positive impact on my colleagues was not realised. I believe that lack of a strategy to effect the proposed changes as well as failure to collaborate with the other exchange students were the major reasons for the failure. I expect to develop a teaching package to delay the progression of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes as my Advanced Nursing Practice module project and implement it at KATH. I, also, hope to gain new ideas on patient care while I am in the United Kingdom. Upon my return to Ghana, I aspire to assume a nurse-educator role. This job would give me some influence over the training of nurses at KNUST and KATH. All these have led me to focus on change management in my personal development plan so as to make positive changes in nursing at KATH. I should be able to reflect on my strengths, weaknesses, any opportunities and threats that may influence my aspiration to effect some changes at KATH and Pearce (2007) suggests that using SWOT framework is a good way to do this. Therefore, using the SWOT analysis framework, I identified the following: Strengths I am committed to what I do I am good at motivating others I have good interpersonal skills I have good presentation skills Weaknesses I attempt to please everybody I am too lenient Opportunities I am studying with colleagues from different parts of the world I have other experience from abroad I am likely to become a nurse-educator at KNUST Threat Majority of the staff may see me as young and inexperienced to lead them Pearce (2007) suggests that once threats have been identified, there should be a way to handle them. By confidently demonstrating the experience gained, developing good interpersonal relationships and clearly presenting shared visions, majority of the staff are likely to collaborate with me (Martin, 2006). THE PLAN Learning Objective Needs assessment assists individuals to set clear learning objectives for their personal development plan (Holloway, 2000). Reflection on the exchange program reveals that I lack ideas on strategies and skills required to lead change within an organisation. Therefore, it is my primary objective to use this personal development plan to learn and develop strategies to lead change in the institution that I work in. Actions to Meet the Objective The Management Standards Centre (2004a) suggests that leaders must possess three kinds of knowledge and understanding to be able to lead change successfully. These are general knowledge and understanding (example is knowledge on models and methods for leading organisational change, their strengths as well as their weaknesses), sector-specific knowledge and understanding (example is knowledge on emerging developments in the health sector) and context-specific knowledge and understanding (example is knowledge on areas within the organisation that need change, with reasons and priorities). To lead change successfully, leaders must, also, be able to describe the change process within the organisation and how it affects the people within (Mott, 1996). Considering these, actions that I consider as appropriate for me to meet my objective are as follows; Review literature on change management within organisations; Perform an appraisal of the organisation that I work in; and Plan the implementation of the change. Main resources that are needed to undertake these actions are time and literature on leadership and change management within organisations. I should be able to achieve my objective within seven months and the outcome measure for me would be my ability to identify change management strategies that would best fit my organisational context. LITERATURE REVIEW Change Management within Organisations Change in organisations is inevitable (reactive) and desirable but, usually, complex and difficult to bring about (Sturdy and Grey, 2003; Bellman, 2003; Boshoff, 2005; Dzik-Jurasz, 2006). Yet, there are many a time when change is proactive (planned) – organisations make changes due to opportunities that they have to improve the workplace or their output (Dzik-Jurasz, 2006), and is also described as innovation. Change is very vital for healthcare institutions that seek to deliver quality and patient-centred care to its clientele, and nursing leadership is regarded as a linchpin for such changes to be successful (Dzik-Jurasz, 2006; Sutherland and Dodd, 2008). As a nurse aspiring to be a clinical leader, understanding the processes of change is, therefore, indispensable. Pettigrew, McKee and Ferlie (1988) state that leaders of change should focus on the content, the process, the context of the change as well as the successful regulation of the relationship between the three. They explain content as the specific areas where the change is expected to occur, and processes as the activities, expected reactions and interactions between the groups that seek to bring about the change. Context, as they explain, refer to internal and external factors that have influence over activities within the organisation. Lewin (1951 cited by Senior and Fleming, 2006) identifies three stages; unfreezing, moving and refreezing. At the stage of unfreezing, problems, needs or opportunities for change are identified, and the stage where new strategies or ideas are implemented causes individuals within the organisation to experience the change (moving). Finally, the stage of refreezing is reached when the change has been well integrated into the organisation (Yoder-Wise, 2003; Boshoff, 2005). Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead (2004), also, identify that change process is in four phases; description of the change, planning the implementation of the change, implementing the change, and integrating the change. Change starts when awareness of the need for it is created and ends when a complete evaluation of its expected effects has been done after the implementation (ibid). Lewin (1951 cited by Baulcomb, 2003) states that change is associated with certain forces that either facilitate or resist it; success would result when the forces facilitating the change exceed those that are resisting it within the context. Personnel within the organisation may be one of such forces. People resist change on the grounds of their psychosocial needs, the appropriateness of the change and, also, how the change affects their position and power (Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004). Therefore, they should be taken into consideration and be actively involved in the change process (Boshoff, 2005). Bennis et al. (1985 cited by Bellman, 2003) identify three strategies of change and these are rational-empirical, power-coercive and normative-re-educative strategies. Rational-empirical and power-coercive strategies both use top-down approaches while normative-re-educative approach employs a bottom-up approach. Top-down approach involves senior management generating the idea, planning and directly implementing the change while the bottom-up approach directly indulges the employees in the change process (Ryan, 2008). However, Ryan (2008) adds that top-down strategy alone is not effective for managing change at all times although it is very common under transformational leadership. Other strategies are education and communication; participation and involvement; facilitation and support; negotiation and agreement; and manipulation, cooptation, and coercion; and, dependent on the situation, these strategies may be used alone or in combination (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1979 cited by Yoder-Wise, 2003). It appears that the kind of strategy used would influence how the content of the change would be communicated to the parties involved. Action research is another change strategy and the process is said to begin when change is considered necessary (Bellman, 2003). Relevant data is collected systematically and reported to individuals who must act on it, after which plans are collaboratively formulated and the necessary actions undertaken – research and action combined (Senior and Fleming, 2006). The process is in five stages (diagnosis, analysis, feedback, action and evaluation) and is described as problem-focussed, and able to reduce staff resistance because of their active involvement in the process (Robbins, Judge and Sanghi, 2009). Organisational Appraisal Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) is the second largest teaching hospital in Ghana, training many doctors, nurses and other paramedics in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is an autonomous service delivery agent under the Ministry of Health of Ghana (MOH, 2009a). In addition to training many of the health personnel in the Ashanti Region, many people within and outside the Ashanti Region seek healthcare there. As a result, provision of quality healthcare has always been the focus. An organisation that recognises the need for change, weighs costs and benefits, and plans for the change when the benefits outweigh the costs is ready for a change (Dalton and Gottlieb, 2003). KATH is, therefore, ready for change because some of its employees are sent overseas or to other parts of the country, whenever there is the need for a new skill or knowledge to be gained, to bring about a positive change within the hospital. This may be a factor that would facilitate my agenda to implement lead change within the institution upon my return. However, Ghana, as a country is underdeveloped (CIA, 2008). Therefore, financial support, many a time, becomes a difficulty. Another challenge may be the fewer nursing staff. The Ministry of Health (2009b) estimates that there was a nurse-to-population ratio of 1:2024 in Ashanti Region and 1:1451 for the entire country in year 2007. Planning the Implementation of the Change This is the second stage of the change process, as was identified by Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead (2004), and it involves identifying possible resistant forces to the proposed change and identifying strategies to prevent or overcome them. The change strategies to adopt as well as how to communicate the need for change are considered at this stage (Management Standards Centre, 2004b). Bellman (2003) suggests that the normative-re-educative (bottom-up) strategy is suitable for changing practice within nursing. As it appears in my case, the need for change would be driven from bottom (an employee) to top (management) and is likely to be supported by the nurses since it is coming from their colleague. Nevertheless, others may resist the change because they might not see the need for it (Baulcomb, 2003). But Martin (2006) suggests that a clear presentation of the vision and need for change may cause a majority of the staff to support it. Flower and Guillaume (2002) suggest that unfreezing stakeholders of healthcare is a necessity to unfreezing the institution. Stakeholders at KATH for my project include the Director of Nursing Services (DNS), the Deputy Director of Nursing Services (DDNS) for the medical directorate, and the head of the diabetic clinic. When these key people are made to recognise the need for a change, then hospital management is likely to support the proposed change. In times like these when evidence-based practice is being advocated for (McEwen, 2007), I should be able to use evidence to justify the need for a change. I, therefore, plan to undertake a study that would compare the teaching package that I hope to introduce with the current approach used at KATH. If the new teaching package proves to be relatively successful, then majority of the staff are likely to appreciate the need for it. Progress Reflecting on the exchange program, I realise that the idea of bringing about change in practice was not clearly communicated. None of the processes of change, as has been identified now, were known at that time neither was there a strategy or a plan for the change. Some changes are unsuccessful because they are not clearly defined (Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004) and that is exactly what happened. Although I am still working on developing the teaching package that may be different from what is already present at KATH, I now realise that its purpose and effectiveness should be well communicated to other colleagues and management before the idea would be supported. I have discussed my ideas with the Director of Nursing Service of KATH and the Deputy Director of Nursing Services for the medical directorate and both of them seem excited about my idea. However, I have come to understand that all kinds of change are likely to face some form of resistance from the people (Baulcomb, 2003; Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004). I therefore, hope to apply the normative-re-educative (bottom-up) strategy because it has been identified as suitable for changing practice within nursing (Bellman2003). I also believe that such a strategy would let my colleagues feel actively involved in the change process and, hence, support it. Moreover, I hope to gain new insights from my visits to some hospitals and my interactions with some specialist nurses while developing the project. I, therefore, hope to modify my plans and strategies, when the need arises, in order to become an effective change agent within my organisation. Conclusion Personal development plans assist individuals to focus on specific needs and steps to take to achieve their objectives (Floodgate and Nixon, 1994). This essay has assisted me to reflect on my practice and roles as a leader. Whenever there is reflection, there must be a change in perspective (Atkins and Murphy, 1993). Development of change management strategies was identified as my learning objective. Actions to meet this objective were identified and pursued. Gibbs’s reflective cycle (1988) was used as a guide. Consequently, I have become familiar with different strategies that could be employed to effect and lead change successfully, and plans to implement these in my institution have been proposed, although they are subject to change when new insights are gained.

Overview Of Goodyear Tire Rubber Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 19 Words: 5745 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The Goodyear Tire Rubber Company was founded in 1898 in a time that seemed especially remarkable, but the commencement was a bit eventful. Frank A. Seiberling who was 38 years at that time founded the company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Overview Of Goodyear Tire Rubber Company" essay for you Create order He made a purchase of the companys first plant with a $3,500 down payment. The amount was money borrowed from a brother-in-law Lucius C. Miles. It was challenging with sourcing of raw materials especially the rubber and cotton which were the lifeblood of the industry and this had to be transported from halfway around the world, to a landlocked town that had only limited rail transportation. Even the man, from which the company was named, Charles Goodyear, had died penniless 30 years earlier despite his discovery of vulcanization after a long and courageous search. The bicycle craze of the 1890s was booming. This meant that demand for bicycles was soaring. The horseless carriage, as some ventured to call the automobile, was a wide-open challenge for bicycles. AT this same time the depression of 1893 was beginning to fade bringing about a recovery. On August 29, 1898, Goodyear was incorporated with a capital stock of $100,000. 4.1.1 Shareholding of commenced Goodyear David E. Hill, who purchased $30,000 of stock, became the first president. But it was the dynamic and visionary founder, hard-driving Seiberling, who chose the name and determined the distinctive trademark. The winged-foot trademark, inspired by a newel-post statuette of Mercury in the Seiberling home, has been altered over the years. Yet, it remains an integral part of the Goodyear signature, a symbolic link with the companys historic past. People like Seiberling, actually trying to liquidate family-owned property in 1898 when he ended up taking that once-in-a-lifetime chance to buy at a bargain the seven-acre tract that became Goodyear. People like George M. Stadelman, a man who avoided crowds and never made a speech, yet had a gift of integrity and foresight that guided Goodyears sales through a critical 20 years. People like Paul W. Litchfield, whose conviction and leadership helped inspire Goodyears development for nearly six decades. 4.1.2 First production of Goodyear With just 13 employees, Goodyear s production began on November 21, 1898, with a product line of bicycle and carriage tires, horseshoe pads and fitting the gamble Seiberling was making poker chips. The first recorded payroll amounted to $217.86 based on the prevailing wage of 13 to 25 cents an hour for a 10-hour day. After the first full month of business, sales amounted to $8,246. Since the first bicycle tire in 1898, Goodyear pedalled its way toward becoming the worlds largest tire company, a title it earned in 1916 when it adopted the slogan More people ride on Goodyear tires than on any other kind, becoming the worlds largest rubber company1926. 4.1.3 Goodyear in the 20th century Goodyear in the 20th century measures sales of nearly $20 billion, although it took 53 years before the company reached the first billion-dollar-year milestone. And it all began in a converted strawboard factory on the banks of the Little Cuyahoga River in East Akron, Ohio. Spanning the years, through all of those yesterdays, a legion of firsts and facts and figures appears that reflect the making of a company Goodyear is one of the worlds largest tire companies. It employs approximately 70,000 people and manufactures its products in 56 facilities in 21 countries around the world. Its two Innovation Centres in Akron, Ohio and Colmar-Berg, Luxembourg strive to develop state-of-the-art products and services that set the technology and performance standard for the industry. 4.2 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT STRATEGY OF GOODYEAR A close look at the strategies adopted by Goodyear over the past 2 to 5 years revealed some successes for the firm as they deployed some cost strategies, innovation and integrated marketing capabilities to leverage new product engines with outstanding marketing programmes to both trade and end users. They have done that with products such as Eagle GT, Assurance, Eagle F1 All season etc. The Capex of Good year in 2008 shows that there has been an increase in high value added (HVA) capacity. An increase of 50% by 2012 is the target set for Goodyear. Currently, the company has achieved 15% so far as at 2007). Strategy in 2008 Good year deployed the strategy below in 2008 Strengthened their balance sheet to capitalize on growth to improve their competitive position. Leveraged on favourable union contract Rebalanced their global footprint focussing on their supply chain. Goodyear as a result of competition has had to change its business model strategies employing th e following: Leadership Product Leadership Increased distribution Brand building Lower cost strategy Cash is king and not customer They have had to change their strategies as they realise that competition is eating into their slice of the market share. 4.2.1 Challenges facing Goodyear Emerging markets represent significant opportunity China now has the largest commercial vehicle market; 2nd largest car market is Russian tire market which will soon surpass German market size. Brazil is sustaining 5% GDP growth driving volume and transition to HVA. The challenge that lies ahead of Good year is to leverage their expertise in market development to fully deliver in emerging markets. Good year will need a highly innovative business strategy to create a global competitive advantage so as to continue a high market share in the rubber industry. 4.3 ANALYSIS OF DATA A qualitative quasi -deductive paradigm interview was conducted to allow for further clarity, completeness of results so as to overcome elements of bias typical of quantitative methodological approaches in order to examine particular events (Miles and Huberman, 1994). In doing this the researcher arranged an interview with five of their managers from five of their branches to verify if managers should be actively involved in the business evaluation strategy of an organization to enhance global competitive advantage. The outcome of the interview was then analyzed using the grounded theory (Straus) Five interviews were conducted with Business Unit Leaders of Goodyear in order to obtain a strategic perspective on the knowledge management requirements of the enterprise (Corbin,1990). The researcher chose this method as it is widely employed offering help in the analysis of qualitative data. The purpose of grounded theory is to build theory that is faithful to and which illuminates the area under investigation allowing us to collect information on the knowledge requirements of the enterprise. Grounded Theory is more interested in theory building than theory testing, which makes it eminently suitable for areas of research that have had little attention and exploration (Yin, 1993). Grounded Theory specifically calls for the evaluation of cases. Some of the advantages of using Grounded Theory for research of this nature are as follows (Bajaj, 1998): Grounded Theory can be used where no general theory about the phenomenon (knowledge audit) exists. The purpose is to arrive at prescriptions and policy recommendations with the theory likely to be intelligible to, and usable by, those in the situation being studied, and is often opened to comment and correction by them (Turner, 1981). Below are the questions and responses broken down in headings: Resulting from this process, a specification was drawn up describing the priority knowledge management requirements of Goody ear. This specification was then assessed against key components of the firms information technology infrastructure, and gap areas identified. On the basis of these gaps, an integrated solution was proposed, and the content to be delivered by this solution was defined. The functional requirements, architecture and operation of an integrated solution were discussed. 4.3.1 INTERVIEW A. 13th December, 2010 What has contributed to the success of Goodyear since the 1990s 6 of the interviewees mentioned branding with increasing levels from 25% in 1970`s to 60% in 1990`s. With 9 mentioning the management of knowledge leading to innovation in types of tires which also saw rising levels of 32% in 1970`s to 80% in 1990`s while the remaining 5 indicated that the success has been due to information technology increasing from 18% to 68%. It can be deduced from the above that branding, knowledge management and information technology has contributed to the success of Goodyear and rightly so as these three in additions to other factors are mentioned in the success stories of some organizations. According to Ambler (1997), a successful brand provides an organization with profits and the potential to gain future profits, thereby creating an asset that has value. Knowledge on the other hand is an advantage competitively. It is well harnessed if it is linked with information technology. This is because information technology enhances the collection, mining and making sense out of data/knowledge to achieve a competitive advantage. Knowledge is very important for innovation regardless of how it is collected, analyzed and distributed. According to Hargadon and Sutton(2000) in their description of a knowledge brokering cycle good ideas are captured through scanning, exploration for new possibilities, these ideas are kept alive through their distribution, old ideas are brought back to life a new uses are found for them, and eventually these ideas are validated for its commercial use or potential. Do you think managers should be actively involved in the business evaluation strategy of an organization to enhance a global competitive advantage? Ohmae (1982) and Porter (1985) suggested that the survival of a business is impossible without a competitive strategy and that the actual strategy must be unique to the organization. It is against the backdrop that the 20 managers interviewed who for reasons of choice decided to be anonymous in the declaration of findings of this research. All the managers interviewed affirmed that they must be involved in crafting strategy (ies) indicating 100% support of this assertion. In support of Mintzberg (1994), they suggested that the following will be achieved if managers did the implementation. Manage stability- Managers must be implementing strategies of the organization and not planning them. Managers can detect discontinuity-Managers involved in implementation will be able to detect discontinuity from strategies set even though environments do not change regularly. Even the smallest of change effects not detected earlier can pose significant damages in the long term. Recon ciling change and continuity-crafting strategy requires a natural reflection of the future, present and past. Too much focus on change can be damaging. What strategic business evaluation model should be employed for business/ environmental analysis? Environmental scanning- ideas come from a plethora of sources and are often triggered off by external changes in the environment. No organization is exempt from the need to innovate. SWOT analysis-a deliberate move into defining our strengths and weaknesses as an organization vis-ÃÆ'Â  -vis our opportunities and threats is another business evaluation model to be used. With comparison to PESTEL, 5 FORCES, and ANSOFF MATRIX, SWOT analysis appeared as the most preferred and employed model for business analysis 13 of these interviewees representing 65% supported the use of SWOT analysis, but 4 of them mentioned 5 FORCES indicating 25%, while as the remaining 2 (10%) said PESTEL with Ansoff matrix no a preferred choice. It is not strange that respondents mentioned the SWOT, 5Forces and PESTEL as models to be employed for strategic evaluation. The SWOT serves as an introspection of Goodyear mirrored against the opportunities and threats in the external environment of the fi rm. It is the SWOT that feeds into the 5 Force as Goodyear can know its strengths in upping standards for new entrants coming in to the tire and rubber industry, or its strengths to combat switching of clients to competitive brands such as Pirelli, Bridgestone firestone etc. Who is responsible for innovation in Goodyear? Leadership is responsible for creating an organizations vision together with the right climate for creativity. This right climate will spark off creativity that will help achieve vision. It is only when the right climate is created that creativity and innovation will become a reality in Goodyear. So in answering the question, all in the organization must be responsible for innovation but the right leadership put in place will help complete the process for innovation in Goodyear. Gathering of information from different sources was aimed primarily at identifying the knowledge that the correspondents strongly perceive as things being of increasing value to the company and its performance. In order to institute the knowledge or strategy management requirement of the company, two forms of data gathered were under taken: Twenty of the top senior-most managers were interviewed in the various branches of Goodyear in order to obtain their perspective about the business evaluation stra tegy requirements considered to be highly innovative and effective in creating an advantage for them globally. Fifty five representatives of the various business divisions responded to questionnaire in order to understanding the operational requirement or strategy of each entity. Resulting from this process, a specification was drawn up describing the priority (rating) of the strategies (knowledge requirement) of the firm. This specification was then assessed against key components of the firms infrastructure and gap areas identified. On the basis of these gaps, solution was proposed. Once the interview was completed, a pattern and area of divergence were identified amongst the respondents. This was achieved by transferring portions of individual transcripts from senior managers interviewed into a shared spreadsheet under specific headings as identified during the process of analysis. Once this was done, areas of commonality were found. 4.3.2 An info-centric organization The interview with senior managers provided sufficient indicator of importance of knowledge management in the market place. Many businesses spend all their time and effort to create competitive advantage through either cost-cutting, quality-enhancement, speed of delivery or continuous expansion of market reach. However, according to the senior managers, one of the most effective weapons every business can deploy in the competitive market place is to create an info-centric organization. It is their objective to make it a standard practice for everyone in the firm to be on the look-out for important information that can benefit the company. In order to realize any significant benefit from implementing the info-centric plan, leadership must ensure that at general or strategic meetings, reserve the loudest applause for the person with the biggest scoop of information provided for improvement. They should create a contest that offers attractive rewards for the person with the best idea to raise sales by say 25% in the coming year. An info-centric firm will be customer-centered and will therefore look at the customer first for the critical information needed to improve. Talk to the client regularly both informally and also through questionnaire and surveys. The client is the North-Star of the firms compass and everything ultimately focuses on pleasing and satisfying the client. 4.3 3 A culture of continuous process improvement Commitment to continuous process improvement is extremely positive. Senior managers believed that the business must never get satisfied with their status or progress in the critical areas of their operation. They recognize that in a fast-changing world, rapid improvement is required to remain competitive. For the plan to materialize, they therefore will consistently acquire and apply relevant information to improve upon their business processes. It is common practice for them to have focus groups or quality circles with the main purpose of achieving specific reductions in lead time, cost, queues, clients complaints, etc. the firm should continuously seek to achieve improvements in the various points on the value chain. They should focus on suppliers, raw materials, marketing and sales, order processing, production operations, finance and administration. Once the feedback from the responses to the questionnaires by the employees had been analyzed, it became obvious that there were content needs that were common across all the divisions. The specific content required by employees is identified below. The knowledge levels (strategy) are grouped into four main subjects as follows: Knowledge about leadership and capabilities expressed across the firm Knowledge about marketing approach of the firm across the industry. Knowledge about speed and pricing conditions among competitors in the industry Knowledge about the business opportunities within the company with regards to contact relationship management. Based on the above mentioned key knowledge areas, the respondents were asked to identify and rate specific content within each of the above context, according to its importance in terms of enabling them to add value to their performance and also enhance their competitive advantage in the industry. Table 1. Knowledge condition: Leadership and Capabilities Content Specification Rating Trust systems Formally communicating the firms mission statement and philosophy that give basic values, purpose, direction and the desired level of performance. Low Periphery systems Organizational members activities fall within the acceptable domain of activity. That is, systems ensure that business activities occur in defined product market at acceptable level of risk. Medium Capability and solution Establishing terminology used to express and illustrate product and service offering. Demonstrating competence and aptitude to supervise subordinates. Medium Knowledge sharing Gathering, absorbing, transferring product/service information between organization and customers, third parties (suppliers) and employees in order to meet companys goals. High Prompt recognition Encourages and promote corporate intelligence to bring out innovation in the organization. What gets rewarded gets done; the behaviours you reward gets replicated High Table 2. Knowledge condition: Marketing approach Content Specification Rating Market opportunity The market size with respect to demographics and psychographics High Market KPIs The key industrial trends that are fuelling the companys success or trends inhibiting its success High Packaging creating a unique identity (brand) to capture market attention and hold their glaze and for that matter raising the companys value High Market segmentation The names of targeted market segmentations and its distinctiveness High Clients motivation Customers primary reason for purchasing or wanting to use the companys product or service Medium Feedback Customers testimonials and endorsement in the form of correspondents from happy or unhappy users. Media coverage and celebrity endorsement High Table 3. Knowledge Condition: Speed and Pricing Condition Content Specification Rating Delivery Ability to complete work faster (promptly responding to client-related demands and issues High Surprise element Keeping competitors continually questing about what the company will do next. For instance consistently giving added value through extra services offered as part of a holistic package. High Financial analysis Covers a complete thorough financial justification for company operation including return on investments, degree of risk and potential exposure of the organization Medium pricing competitiveness exploration of ways in making pricing more competitive in order to guarantee longer of your relationship with the customer Medium Pricing tradeoffs Customers expectation (decision) in making tradeoffs of price or value or both price and value. High Table 4 knowledge condition: relationship management Content Specification Rating Company profile a Name and contact details, websites and logos, vision and mission statements High Abstract of companys business status Companys core business actions, industry focal point and insight Medium Solution oriented Detailed action plan and relevant methodology. High Product/service requirement Adequately fulfilling its purpose, easy to use, meet quality requirement and worth it value. High Environmental sensors Pleasantry of working place i.e. what client see, smell, touches, hears at the site or our community works Medium Behaviour factors Customers interaction with employees High Catalogue and contacts of clients Names, contact details of segmented clients Low Activity tracking concern Emails, text messages in response to clients request and demand Medium 4.4 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DATA 4.4.1 Interview with staff of Goodyear The researcher conducted an interview with 50 staff of Goodyear, 15 of its focus group at their main research centers and came out with the following: When staffs were asked of the departments they represented in Goodyear, 4 represented 20% were from finance department, 4 representing 20% were from marketing, another 4 representing 20% stated that there are factory hands and 8 representing 40% were in the research center. Table 1 represents the above-mentioned data from staff of departments that responded to the questionnaire. Table 5: Type of Business or work engaged by customers Responses Frequency Percentages Staff from research center 8 40% Marketing 4 20% Finance 4 20% Factory hands 4 20% Total 20 100% Source; Field Work, 2010 4.4.2 Perception of staff about products manufactured by Goodyear Respondents were asked about their perception of the products manufactured by Goodyear; they respond 90% representing 18 staff stated that there were excited about the current portfolio/ product line of Goodyear because it provided them with a formal way of segmentation and reduced their risk of loss of market share to competitors. Two staff representing 10% on the other hand stated that there are not satisfied with all the products manufactured by Goodyear, because their tires were not different from that of competition e.g. Semperit, Pirelli, Uniroyal etc. Table 2 below shows the percentage and frequency table of the perception of staff about products manufactured by Goodyear. Table 6: Perception of staff about products manufactured by Goodyear Responses Frequency Percentages Yes 18 90% No 2 10% Total 20 100% Source; Field Work, 2010 4.4.3 The Products/Services Offered to Customers Interviewed in focus groups I took the opportunity to interview a focus group of Goodyear about the products of Goodyear. The figure below shows the product/service offered to customers interviewed for the study. The products/services offered were categorized into Passenger vehicle tires; Commercial vehicle tire, Off road tires, ATV tires, RV tires, Racing tires. These categorizations were made from the data collected from the interview and also to aid easy analysis and interpretation of the data gathered. From the interview, 3 respondents representing 15% of customers stated that they had tried passenger vehicle tires; another 3 respondents representing 15% stated that they had also tried the Commercial vehicle, 6 customers representing 30% also stated that they had tried RV and similar tires of competitors and that of Goodyear and realized there was no difference. None responded on products such as ATV and Aviation tires. Figure 1: The Products/Services Offered to Customers Interviewed Source; Field Work, 2010 4.4.4 Global competitive advantage When staffs were asked if they have ever attended a strategic session in their working lives, 80% representing 16 staff stated that they have ever done that. 20% representing 4 staff however stated that they have not. Among the 80% who stated that they have ever attended a strategic session, they were further asked if they learnt that strategy could give an organization a global competitive advantage. 75% representing 12 staff stated that they believed that a good strategy could go a long way to creating a global competitive advantage for a firm if the right environment is created for it. The rest of the 25% representing 4 staff stated that they were indifferent about strategy as firms they have worked for were not doing anything different from what firms` are doing now. Figure 2 A: Staff that had attended strategic sessions Source: Field Work, 2010 Figure 2B: Can a highly innovative strategy create competitive advantage? Source: Field Work, 2010 4.4.5 Perception of staff interviewed about the innovation procedure and requirements of Goodyear. Staff were asked about their perception about the innovation procedure and requirements of Goodyear, the data depicts that 13 staff representing 65% stated that the procedures and requirements were complicated and not favourable to them because for instance the issues about idea generation were being restricted to a research center making it very difficult for staff not part of the research center to participate. 7 staff representing 35% stated that the procedures and requirements are less complicated and favourable to them because they are able to scale all the challenges involved with filling up idea forms and forwarding them to the right department. Table 7: Perception of staff interviewed about the procedure and requirements of Goodyear for the development of new ideas. Responses Frequencies Percentage Very Complicated and not Favorable 13 65% Less Complicated and Favourable 7 35% Total 20 100% Source; Field Work, 2010 4.4.6 Junior staff (1-5years experience) Interviewed Junior staff(with 2years experience of Goodyear) were asked if they have been able to generate an idea since they joined, 20% representing 4 junior staff in the category mentioned stated that they have not, 40% representing 8 junior staff (with experience between 2 and 5years) stated that they have done that once . These respondents were mostly factory hands, civil servants and contractors. Another 40% representing 8 respondents (2-5years) stated that they have suggested ideas for the development of new tires for Goodyear since they joined the company. Table 8: Experience and ability to generate ideas for Goodyear Responses Frequencies Percentages Staff with 2 yrs experience 4 20% Staff with (2-5 yrs)exp 8 40% Staff with (2-5)yrs exp Suggested ideas for development. 8 40% Total 20 100% Source; Field Work, 2010 Perception of business unit leaders about the current innovation strategies of Goodyear The figure below shows the perception of business unit about the current innovation strategies of Goodyear. 55% representing 31 unit leaders/branch managers stated that the current innovation strategy is favorable because, with the 1/3 cash security of the amount of the loan applying for, a customer in a way has paid 1/3 of the loan applied for. Salaried workers think that is convenient and flexible. 45% of the respondents representing 9 respondents stated that the strategy is not favourable since it is very difficult to get staff workers to participate in the idea generation process of Goodyear. Figure 3: Perception of Business unit leaders Interviewed about the current innovation Strategy of Goodyear Source; Field Work, 2010 CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS For competitive advantage to be sustained it will be necessary for staff of Good year to be prepared both in attitudes and abilities so that they can meet the demands of customers in due time. Competitive advantage can come from better products in this case tires, customer perceptions, costs, competencies, assets, attitudes and relationships etc. A key issue is ensuring that it is sustained. It will sad on the part of Goodyear if staff lack the necessary competitive attitude in order to create growth and opportunities for the company. From the findings of the study, it can be deduced that managers should continue to show active participation in the business evaluation strategy of the organization to enhance a global competitive advantage. Three areas to focus on are Technology, Branding and Knowledge management leading to innovation.Technology, especially IT in product and process innovation, is emerging as a powerful facilitator of market innovation in both personal and busines s markets. For example, in rubber industry many firms now see flexibility of core product features as a major competitive weapon. A companys ability to offer features such as flexible prices depends on whether its computer systems have been designed so that they can be quickly adapted to serve new market segments. In the rubber industry, application of new technology provides new entrants with the opportunity of rethinking the entire value proposition offered to customers. While the offer provided to customers by old-established companies is often standardized, new entrants can use advanced computing technology to provide more accurately targeted offers. They can do so themselves or in conjunction with partners. A recent trend is towards knowledge management, whereby firms work together in networks to create electronic packages of value for clients. It is new technology which provides market champions with the means for redefining markets on an economically viable basis. Importan tly, skilful application of IT has reduced the advantages of scale and market share and so has diminished the cost advantages of large old-established firms. The Internet provides particularly exciting opportunities; especially for new entrant challengers, because these are not burdened by traditional forms of distribution such as retail branch premises. It is likely that nontraditional competitors with a mastery of IT, who are intent on building superior networks, will continue to make serious inroads into other tire markets. Specific customer segments identified by market champions are provided with access points at which relevant offers are negotiated. It is advanced technology which allows customers to be served simultaneously in two main modes the relationship mode, and the transaction mode. In the relationship mode an integrated profile of a customers financial needs is acted on over time; in the transaction mode supply at the lowest possible price is the aim. In times of f ast changing markets and fast changing technology, businesses which want to safeguard their future must innovate. If they want to be proactive and develop further by organic means they must engage not just in occasional bursts of innovation, but in continuous change. Three main types of innovation can be pursued for this purpose. First, market innovation improving the mix of markets and how these are served. Second, product Innovation improving the mix of offers. Third, process innovation improving the mix of internal operations. In order to achieve and maintain competitive success in todays turbulent marketplace, top management must spend at least as much time thinking about customers needs and how these might be met innovatively as thinking about internal operations. The assertion experience is becoming irrelevant and even dangerous is probably a deliberate exaggeration. But, to compete effectively in the future, a business needs to focus beyond the markets it serves present ly and to concern itself with market innovation and the total imaginable market. Aggressive suppliers from other industries are adopting this wider approach. Not to be surprised by new competitors, incumbent suppliers in all industries need to concern themselves with market innovation. All businesses need to understand the changing needs of their customers. They must develop accurately targeted offers quickly and cost-effectively. Market innovation can help guide this quest by combining product line management with market opportunity analysis. When market innovation is bold and imaginative it provides not just a means for developing new business, but a revolutionary means for safeguarding existing business. The following conclusions are also drawn from the analysis and discussion of data collected in Chapter Four of the study: Goodyear is currently offering passenger tires, vehicle tires, commercial vehicle tires, RV tires and aviation tires. The departments represented in the survey results are finance, marketing, factory hands, research centers, focus groups. Focus groups representing customers claimed they were satisfied with the services provided by the company. . Majority of customers patronised RV, passenger vehicle, commercial vehicle with none for ATV and aviation tires. Goodyear had in place two research centers where ideas were approved and processed. Staff attendance to strategic sessions where strategies were formulated are as follows: 80% of the staff representing 16 staff had attended strategic sessions. Among the 80% who stated they had attended strategic session , 75% believed that a good strategy could go a long way to create a global competitive advantage. The rest of the 25% were however indifferent. 75% of those interviewed believed that an innovative strategy can create competitive advantage . However, 65% representing 13 of the staff stated that the procedures and requirements for innovation were complicated making reference to innovation as a preserve of the research center and not the entire organization.7 staff representing 35% however stated that the processes were less cumbersome and favourable to them. 55% representing 31 unit leaders/branch managers stated that the current innovation strategy is favorable . 45% of the respondents representing 9 respondents stated that the strategy is not favourable since it is very difficult to get staff workers to participate in the idea generation process of Goodyear. Finally, some analysts have referred to market champions as innovative entrepreneurs (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 1988). However, it is one thing to spot potential market opportunities, but quite another to make money from these. Potentially, there are large numbers of market opportunities. A business cannot win in all the markets open to it. Skilful market champions fight for the development of markets which their business can supply and dominate in some way. Effective market championing involves spotting positions in which the business can build and retain competitive strength. There is no point in choosing an innovation strategy which the business lacks the means to pursue over ti me. Skilful market innovation helps to focus the competitive strategy of a business. Customer analysis, competitor analysis and supply competence analysis are its essential ingredients. Skilful market champions appreciate the specific ways in which different customers buy. They know that some customers will have a preference for certain types of offers, while other customers will have quite different preferences. This means that the same core product can and indeed, should be offered quite differently to different market segments, if the aim is to meet buyers preferences as closely as possible. 5.2 Recommendations From the above discussions of the data gathered and analyzed, the following recommendations are made from the conclusions drawn: Goodyear should implement a centralized approach in all its 55 branches Standard procedures should not be imposed on branches. This means that there will be an avoidance of mistakes on limits of innovative solutions and awarding moves which should not be missed. Understand the economic consequences of knowledge management practices in the enterprise Understand how knowledge management practices in the enterprise compare to those in competing enterprises Understand the role of knowledge management function in building enterprise capability for the future. The company should make it compulsory for every staff to suggest an idea that will help Goodyear introduce new processes or products that will keep them ahead of competition. This could be done by setting up an ideas portal which could be accessed by all in all branches. Good year sho uld also intensify its environmental education programme, to educate both its customers and potential customers about effective management of the environment. The company should also collaborate with NGOs, Charities to organize alternative ways of disposing rubber so that customers will desist from pulverizing rubber which can be of severe damage to the environment. The company should also make sure that every idea is carefully scrutinized and any approval given should be based on the innovation strategy for Goodyear. The idea should meet all requirements and procedures for approval. The company should also strive to increase its client base by making the public especially car manufacturers, distributors in the various markets in and around its area of operation aware of its products so as to increase its market share. The Headquarters should not set strict orders for all branches as the former will influence a branches ability to bring its resources into alignment with the changing environment. This could stifle innovation leading to de motivation in staff. The company should look again at the changing trend of managing knowledge more as these changes if not monitored could lead to some losses in the market share of God year by Pirelli, Continental AG etc. The company should also improve upon its social development programme so that it improves its image in its areas of operations. The company should demonstrate the willingness to suffer some loss of control, give more ownership to the branch managers in different country markets and link rewards to market performance but tie together more closely personal and corporate strategies. Management should allow their leadership styles to evolve in accordance with the changes in the workplace as the leadership style adopted at any point in time could impact on the linkages that the former has in encouraging innovation. There should be a regular strategic gathering of all senior managers from the 55 branches to review the companys evaluation strategies. The use of webcasting could be an ideal way to saving costs deploying the power of technology. The regular review of the strategies could help Goodyear adopt newer and modern strategies thus staying ahead of competition. Strategies should be examined on its merits of whether it is acceptable to Goodyears stakeholders, suitable for the company and feasible to achieve.